[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.rraga.sk\/preco-mozu-niektore-studenokrvne-zivocichy-dostat-horucku\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.rraga.sk\/preco-mozu-niektore-studenokrvne-zivocichy-dostat-horucku\/","headline":"Pre\u010do m\u00f4\u017eu niektor\u00e9 studenokrvn\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy dosta\u0165 hor\u00fa\u010dku?","name":"Pre\u010do m\u00f4\u017eu niektor\u00e9 studenokrvn\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy dosta\u0165 hor\u00fa\u010dku?","description":"Danio pruhovan\u00e9 (Danio rerio), zn\u00e1ma aj ako zebri\u010dka, je sladkovodn\u00e1 kaprovit\u00e1 ryba dorastaj\u00faca do ve\u013ekosti asi 6 cm. Je ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 pre jej pruhy a\u00a0poklad\u00e1 sa za lacn\u00e9ho a\u00a0nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho obyvate\u013ea akv\u00e1ri\u00ed. Rybi\u010dke sta\u010d\u00ed hodi\u0165 p\u00e1r vlo\u010diek a\u00a0raz za \u010das vy\u010disti\u0165 jej pr\u00edbytok. S\u00a0\u010derstvou vodou a\u00a0chutn\u00fdm jedlom vyzer\u00e1 jej \u017eivot \u00fa\u017easne \u2013 a\u017e k\u00fdm neochorie. Zebri\u010dka m\u00e1… ","datePublished":"2017-06-24","dateModified":"2023-04-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.rraga.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.rraga.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5667bceccdce92893bac6a7981a373152a8b3fa0ab99c198ba0ac0b49a934248?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5667bceccdce92893bac6a7981a373152a8b3fa0ab99c198ba0ac0b49a934248?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"rraga.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.rraga.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a281999_w2007_t1503581337.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.rraga.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a281999_w2007_t1503581337.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.rraga.sk\/preco-mozu-niektore-studenokrvne-zivocichy-dostat-horucku\/","wordCount":579,"articleBody":"Danio pruhovan\u00e9 (Danio rerio),zn\u00e1ma aj ako zebri\u010dka, je sladkovodn\u00e1 kaprovit\u00e1 ryba dorastaj\u00faca do ve\u013ekosti asi 6 cm. Je ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 pre jej pruhy a\u00a0poklad\u00e1 sa za lacn\u00e9ho a\u00a0nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho obyvate\u013ea akv\u00e1ri\u00ed. Rybi\u010dke sta\u010d\u00ed hodi\u0165 p\u00e1r vlo\u010diek a\u00a0raz za \u010das vy\u010disti\u0165 jej pr\u00edbytok. S\u00a0\u010derstvou vodou a\u00a0chutn\u00fdm jedlom vyzer\u00e1 jej \u017eivot \u00fa\u017easne \u2013 a\u017e k\u00fdm neochorie. Zebri\u010dka m\u00e1 toti\u017e v\u00e1\u017eny probl\u00e9m, ak svoje dni tr\u00e1vi v\u00a0presklenej n\u00e1dobe, v\u00a0ktorej m\u00e1 voda denno-denne kon\u0161tantn\u00fa teplotu. Ak v\u00a0nej ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 rybka dostane nejak\u00fa infekciu, nem\u00e1 \u0161ancu, preto\u017ee s\u00a0chorobou nevie z\u00e1pasi\u0165 hor\u00fa\u010dkou.\u00a0Ryby s\u00fa ektotermn\u00e9, maj\u00fa iba mal\u00fa alebo \u017eiadnu schopnos\u0165 produkova\u0165 teplo. Spolu s\u00a0oboj\u017eiveln\u00edkmi, plazmi a\u00a0hmyzom nedok\u00e1\u017eu ovl\u00e1da\u0165 svoj metabolizmus tak, aby ho akt\u00edvne produkovali. S\u00fa odk\u00e1zan\u00e9 na prostredie, v\u00a0ktorom sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa. Ak sa zvierat\u00e1 ako zebri\u010dka potrebuj\u00fa ohria\u0165 napr\u00edklad kv\u00f4li infekcii, za norm\u00e1lnych okolnost\u00ed sa v\u00a0snahe zabojova\u0165 s\u00a0\u0148ou presun\u00fa v\u00a0pr\u00edrode na teplej\u0161ie miesto a\u00a0svoje telo ohrej\u00fa na vy\u0161\u0161iu teplotu.\u00a0Tento druh spr\u00e1vania sa bol prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t op\u00edsan\u00fd v\u00a070. rokoch. Po\u010das prv\u00fdch pokusov sledovali legu\u00e1ny, rybi\u010dky a \u017eubrienky. Zistilo sa, \u017ee \u0161ance na pre\u017eitie sa zv\u00fd\u0161ili, ak pozorovan\u00e9 druhy umiestnili do teplej\u0161ieho prostredia. Ak sa stretli s\u00a0infekciou, v\u0161etky z\u00a0nich uprednost\u0148ovali vy\u0161\u0161ie teploty. Vedcom v\u0161ak nebolo jasn\u00e9 ako to funguje.\u00a0Gupky d\u00fahov\u00e9 (Poecilia reticulata),naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 aj p\u00e1vie o\u010dko, z\u00e1pas\u00ed s\u00a0pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdm parazitom Gyrodactylus turnbulli. V\u00a0\u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00e1 bola zverejnen\u00e1 v\u00a0roku 2016, sa t\u00edm vedcov zaoberal spr\u00e1van\u00edm gupiek, ktor\u00e9 vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa aktivity na zv\u00fd\u0161enie teploty svojho tela, aby sa parazitov zbavili. Gupk\u00e1m dali na v\u00fdber 3 akv\u00e1ri\u00e1 s\u00a0r\u00f4znymi teplotami (18 \u00b0C, 24 \u00b0C a\u00a032 \u00b0C). V\u00a0porovnan\u00ed so zdrav\u00fdmi rybami si infikovan\u00e9 ryby volili dlh\u0161ie pobyty v\u00a0najteplej\u0161om akv\u00e1riu. Parazity boli vyhladen\u00e9 po 3 d\u0148och str\u00e1ven\u00fdch v\u00a0najteplej\u0161ej vode a\u00a0je teda preuk\u00e1zate\u013en\u00e9, \u017ee umiestnenie ryby, ktor\u00e1 bojuje s\u00a0parazitom, do teplej\u0161ej vody, zlep\u0161uje jej poz\u00edciu v\u00a0boji s\u00a0n\u00edm.\u00a0V\u00a0snahe porozumie\u0165 procesom, ktor\u00e9 prebiehaj\u00fa pri sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00ed takejto hor\u00fa\u010dky, sa in\u00ed vedci upriamili na zebri\u010dku. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee imunitn\u00e1 odpove\u010f organizmu spojen\u00e1 s vyvolanou hor\u00fa\u010dkou je vysoko riaden\u00e1 a\u00a0imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m sa jednoducho nezr\u00fdchli v\u00a0teplej\u0161ej vode. Ke\u010f si telo zebri\u010dky v\u0161imne infekciu, jej imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m po\u0161le do mozgu sign\u00e1l, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00e9ho vyh\u013ead\u00e1va teplej\u0161iu vodu. Vy\u0161\u0161ia teplota potom umo\u017e\u0148uje organizmu s\u00fastredi\u0165 svoju imunitn\u00fa odpove\u010f na molekul\u00e1rnej \u00farovni. Zebri\u010dka, ktor\u00e1 takto vyvol\u00e1 u\u00a0seba hor\u00fa\u010dku, sa r\u00fdchlo zbavuje infekci\u00ed. Ide o\u00a0nato\u013eko \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob obrany, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 patog\u00e9nny vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa obrovsk\u00fa snahu n\u00e1js\u0165 sp\u00f4soby ako s\u00a0touto zbra\u0148ou zabojova\u0165.\u00a0Vieme toto ich spr\u00e1vanie sa nejako ovplyvni\u0165? Ot\u00e1zkou ost\u00e1va aj to, ako si \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, ktor\u00e9 vyvinuli tieto adapt\u00e1cie, poradia s\u00a0klimatick\u00fdmi zmenami. So zvy\u0161uj\u00facou sa teplotou st\u00fapa aj teplota prirodzen\u00e9ho prostredia a\u00a0teoreticky by to malo studenokrvn\u00fdm \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchom pom\u00f4c\u0165 v\u00a0boji s\u00a0parazitmi.\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.3\/5 - (6 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Pre\u010do m\u00f4\u017eu niektor\u00e9 studenokrvn\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy dosta\u0165 hor\u00fa\u010dku?","item":"https:\/\/www.rraga.sk\/preco-mozu-niektore-studenokrvne-zivocichy-dostat-horucku\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]